![]() ![]() 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 VILI is considered an important risk factor in the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). 4, 5 Preterm infants also benefitted from small tidal volumes compensated by higher ventilation rates. 2, 3 Animal studies have shown that ventilation with small V T, together with avoiding alveolar collapse, is one of the fundamental principles to minimize ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI). 1 Developed by groups in Germany and Canada, HFV is characterized by the delivery of very small tidal volumes ( V T) at supra-physiological frequencies. High-frequency ventilation (HFV) is an exceptional invasive mechanical ventilation mode, in which gas transport and gas mixing are distinctly different from all other modes of mechanical ventilation. We also present study results on the use of HFV in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and respiratory failure in term neonates. The use of HFV in daily clinical practice in lung recruitment, determination of the optimal continuous distending pressure and frequency, and typical side effects of HFV are discussed. Therefore, we present important aspects of gas exchange, lung-protective concepts, clinical use, and possible adverse effects of HFV. Knowledge of how HFV works, how it influences cardiorespiratory physiology, and how to apply it in daily clinical practice has proven to be essential for its optimal and safe use. We also discuss the study results on the use of HFV in respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants and respiratory failure in term neonates. We will present important aspects of gas exchange, lung-protective concepts, clinical use, and possible adverse effects of HFV. Both animal and clinical studies have shown that HFV can effectively restore lung function, and potentially limit ventilator-induced lung injury, which is considered an important risk factor for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). HFV is characterized by delivering tidal volumes close to or less than the anatomical dead space. High-frequency ventilation (HFV) has been used as a respiratory support mode for neonates for over 30 years. ![]()
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